java - Files.readAllBytes vs Files.lines getting MalformedInputException -


i have thought following 2 approaches read file should behave equally. don't. second approach throwing malformedinputexception.

public static void main(string[] args) {         try {         string content = new string(files.readallbytes(paths.get("_template.txt")));         system.out.println(content);     } catch (ioexception e) {         e.printstacktrace();     }      try(stream<string> lines = files.lines(paths.get("_template.txt"))) {         lines.foreach(system.out::println);     } catch (ioexception e) {         e.printstacktrace();     } }

this stack trace:

exception in thread "main" java.io.uncheckedioexception: java.nio.charset.malformedinputexception: input length = 1     @ java.io.bufferedreader$1.hasnext(bufferedreader.java:574)     @ java.util.iterator.foreachremaining(iterator.java:115)     @ java.util.spliterators$iteratorspliterator.foreachremaining(spliterators.java:1801)     @ java.util.stream.referencepipeline$head.foreach(referencepipeline.java:580)     @ test.main(test.java:19) caused by: java.nio.charset.malformedinputexception: input length = 1     @ java.nio.charset.coderresult.throwexception(coderresult.java:281)     @ sun.nio.cs.streamdecoder.implread(streamdecoder.java:339)     @ sun.nio.cs.streamdecoder.read(streamdecoder.java:178)     @ java.io.inputstreamreader.read(inputstreamreader.java:184)     @ java.io.bufferedreader.fill(bufferedreader.java:161)     @ java.io.bufferedreader.readline(bufferedreader.java:324)     @ java.io.bufferedreader.readline(bufferedreader.java:389)     @ java.io.bufferedreader$1.hasnext(bufferedreader.java:571)     ... 4 more

what difference here, , how fix it?

this has character encoding. computers deal numbers. store text, characters in text have converted , numbers, using scheme. scheme called character encoding. there many different character encodings; of well-known standard character encodings ascii, iso-8859-1 , utf-8.

in first example, read bytes (numbers) in file , convert them characters passing them constructor of class string. use default character encoding of system (whatever on operating system) convert bytes characters.

in second example, use files.lines(...), utf-8 character encoding used, according the documentation. when sequence of bytes found in file not valid utf-8 sequence, you'll malformedinputexception.

the default character encoding of system may or may not utf-8, can explain difference in behaviour.

you'll have find out character encoding used file, , explicitly use that. example:

string content = new string(files.readallbytes(paths.get("_template.txt")),         standardcharsets.iso_8859_1);

second example:

stream<string> lines = files.lines(paths.get("_template.txt"),         standardcharsets.iso_8859_1);

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